Evaluating the Long-Term Cardiovascular Effects of SGLT2 Inhibitors in Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients
Keywords:
SGLT2 inhibitors, Type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular outcomes, heart failure, long-term effectsAbstract
Background:
Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibitors have emerged as an effective class of glucose-lowering agents in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), with accumulating evidence suggesting cardiovascular benefits beyond glycemic control. However, comprehensive evaluation of their long-term cardiovascular impact remains an area of active investigation.
Objective:
This paper assesses the long-term cardiovascular effects of SGLT2 inhibitors in T2DM patients, synthesizing evidence.
Methods:
A narrative synthesis approach was utilized, incorporating randomized controlled trials, large-scale observational studies, and meta-analyses. Data were extracted regarding cardiovascular outcomes, including major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE), heart failure hospitalization, and cardiovascular mortality.
Results:
SGLT2 inhibitors consistently demonstrated reductions in heart failure hospitalization and cardiovascular mortality over extended follow-up periods. Variability exists across agents and patient subgroups, warranting further stratified analyses.
Conclusion:
Long-term use of SGLT2 inhibitors confers significant cardiovascular protection in T2DM patients, although residual uncertainties persist regarding specific mechanisms and differential benefits among individual agents.
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